Lithuanian army under K. Radziwill at Smolensk, 1 Sept 1633

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Lithuanian army under Hetman polny litewski ks. Krzystof Radziwill had authorized strength of around 7 640 konie & portions at Smolensk on 1 Sept 1633:
- 9 choragwies of hussars, 1 200
- 9 choragwies of Kozacy, 1 240
- 4 companies of Rajtarja, 600
- 20 choragwies of kwarciani Kozacy, 2 000
- 8 companies of German infantry, 1 300
- 6 choragwies of Polish infantry, 800
Source: Lipinski W. Organizacja odsieczy i dzialania wrzesniowe pod Smolenskiem w 1633. // Przeglad Historyczno-Wojskowy. T. 6. 1933.

Hubert Reitar regiment, 1632-34 (first Russian Reitar regiment raised during Smolensk was 1632-34)

Michal "Kadrinazi" Paradowski made a nice article about Polish Reitars in Smolensk war:

http://www.wargaming.pl/index.php?mode=view_article&article=289

I decided to write about the only Russian Reitar troop in that war - Hubert Reitars

Hubert's Reitars encampement at Smolensk
Part of Hondius engraving
(click to enlarge)

First Russian Reitar regiment was created on 10 June 1632. It was formed from existed mounted companies of “foreigners” (in fact = reitars) & enlisted volunteers from Russian gentry. Regiment was commanded by a colonel Charles Samuel Hubert de Ettele (I am not sure in the last name). Hubert was a Frenchman, before Russian service he was lieutenant-colonel of reitars in Imperial army. At the creation the regiment consisted of 12 coys, 177 men each: Rotmistr (colonel, lieutenant-colonel & major in 3 senior coys), Poruchik (lieutenant), Praporshik (ensign), Kvartirmeister (quartermaster), 3 Brigadir (brigadier), 2 Podpraporshik (junior ensign), 167 Reitars, Trubach (trumpeter). In September-1632 a dragoon coy was added, & by summer-1633 the number of coys increased to 14 & totaled about 2,400 men.

Hubert Reitars were equipped & armed in western-style: helmet, double-plated cuirass, carbine, a pair of pistols, sabre or sword. All was manufactured & purchased in Europe. Dress & horses were reitar’s own. In Dec 1632 regiment got one white standard with gold fringe & tassels, 30 azure standards with azure silk fringe & a green standard with green fringe for the dragoon coy. In March 1633 regiment received one more white standard.

The regiment was completed by mid of July 1633 & left Moscow in the end of the month. It joined the siege army at Smolensk on 17 August 1633. Regiment was disbanded soon after the capitulation in June 1634.

Hondius in his “Explicatio…” (explanation) to the engraving wrote about Hubert’s regiment the following: “53. Encampment of Charles Hubert, a Frenchman from d’Ettele family. He had under his command Germans, French & about 600 [sic! By June 1633 it includes at least (!) 1,400 Russians] trained in German style Moskovites, totaled more than 2,000. Also he had a company of German harquebusiers. His encampment was pretty good”.

Рейтарский полк Эберта, 1632-34

 

 Первый русский рейтарский полк появился в 1632 г. Его основу составили имевшиеся роты «немцев», вооруженные и несшие службу по рейтарскому образцу. Указом от 10 июня 1632 Царь повелел «старого и новаго выезду немец строить в конную службу по-рейтарски, как в немецких государствах ведетца, а к немцам в прибавку писати руских охочих всяких служилых людей». Командиром нового полка 13 июня 1632 был назначен Шарль Самуэль Эберт (произведенный в полковники из подполковников тем же указом). Родом француз, до приезда в Москву – подполковник на австрийской службе. К 5 декабря 1632 в полку насчитывалось «дворян и детей боярских разных городов и новокрещен и татар и немец» 1 721 чел. Первоначально полк был разделен на 12 рот по 177 чел: ротмистр (в 3 старших ротах полковник, подполковник и майор), поручик, прапорщик, квартирмейстер, 3 бригадира, 2

Russian “New model” Foot regimental artillery 1632-34

Recent published volume (# 12) of “Armii I bitwy” magazine includes an outstanding article by Alexey Lobin about leather canons in Russian army. He found documents about production of the leather canons “after Swedish pattern” in Moscow in 1632-34. They were made by E. Koyet (transcription may be wrong). Total he made 104 leather canons, but only 32 passed the tests. Besides leather canons he also made “usual” canons. During the war of 1632-34 Russian “new model” foot regiments had 1 canon per company

Regiment	Number of coys	Number of canons
Kyte (Keith?) Foot	8	6
Mattinson Foot	8	6
Kynemont Foot	8	8
Lesly Foot	8	8
Van Damme Foot	8	8
Unzen Foot	8	8
Rosform Foot	8	8
Gordon Dragoons	12	12

Source: Лобин А. Н. Русская артиллерия 1630-60 по шведскому образцу // Армии и битвы, № 12, СС 11-15

Leather canon from History of Germany Museum, Berlin
(illustration is taken from the article)

Russian army under Shein at Smolensk, Aug 1633 (in Russian)

Разряд войска Шеина на август 1633 г.

Plan of Smolensk in 1633
(Engraving by Gondius)

(по разрядной книге осады города Смоленска 1631-1634 гг. из ОР РНБ, Эрмитажное собрание)

С боярином М. Б. Шеиным дворян и детей боярских городовых, которым дано было государево жалованье по разбору
Владимирских - 151
Смольнян - 356
Суздальцев - 207
Каширских - 265
Нижегородцев - 206
Арзамасцев - 364
с Юрьева-Польского - 102
Дорогобужских - 52
Муромцев - 115

Polish & Lithuanian armies, Sept 1633 (In Russian)

Литовская армия на 1 сентября 1633 (н.ст.)

Polish-Lithuanian troops at Smolensk in 1633
(Engraving by Gondius)

Польный литовский гетман Кшиштоф Радзивилл, виленский воевода, «Молния», заместитель - мстиславский войский Яков Мадалинский

Гусарские хоругви
Гетмана Кшиштофа Радзивилла (Давидович)- 200
Льва Сапеги - 200
Павла Сапеги - 120
Томаша Сапеги - 120
Грегожа (Григория, то есть Генрика) Сенкевича! - 120
Самуэля Коморовского - 120
Адама Покирского - 120
Григория Мирского - 120
Яна Свотынского - 120

Russian "New model" Foot colors in Smolensk war 1632-34 (Supplement in Russian)

In the previous message I post a summary in English, below are screenshots from Russian sources with details (also reitars & dragoon colors are described)

Знамена полков "нового строя" в Смоленской войне 1632-34

Яковлев Л. Древности Российского государства. Дополнение к III Отделению. Русские старинные знамена. Москва, 1865. сс. 73-75

Russian "New model" Foot colors in Smolensk war 1632-34



1st color: Wilson's regimental color, 1632

2 nd color: Wilson's company's color, 1632

3 & 4 colors: colors of Vovzyn's regiment, 1679

Source: Zeughause # 15, illustrations by V. Perederiy

for A. Malov's article



Russian “new model” foot regiments received in 1632-34 one white regimental colour (carried by the 1st/colonel’s company) and 7 colored for the remaining companies. Regimental colors were white with black state double-headed eagle with 3 gold crowns. Company colors were of regimental color with diagonal cross (flat, not Burgundian). Regimental colors are known for 7 foot regiments & independent company:

·        Pentzer/ van Damm Foot: red with yellow cross

·        Sanderson Foot: blue with white

·        Rosform Foot: yellow with white

·        Keith (or Kyte?) Foot: crimson with white

·        Wilson Foot: white with blue/white/blue cross (see image)

·        Craufort Foot: red with white, decorated with stars,bur, etc. of different colors

·        Kynemont Foot: blue with white

·        Farbes Company: white with blue cross

Also known 4 sets of colors, but regiments are unknown:

·        white with yellow cross,

·        yellow with black cross (5 such colors survived, Unzen Foot?)

·        green with white (?) cross

·        blue with white (?) cross

Colors size was 1,86 m x 2,1-2,2 m