|
Swedish incomes & expenses in 1699 |
From budget prospective Kingdom of Sweden was
divided into 2 parts: “homeland” & “overseas” provinces. The first included
Sweden & Finland lans. The second were of Baltic (Livland, Estland,
Ingermanland & Osel) & German (Pommern, Wismar & Bremen-Werden)
provinces. The “overseas” provinces had individual taxation & privileges, in
general their tax level was less than in “homeland” ones.
The centralized government, field army &
navy were maintained from “homeland” budgets. Other provinces maintained only
local authorities, provincial garrison troops & fortresses. All Baltic provinces (except Ingermanland)
& Bremen-Werden were donors (Baltic provinces provided ab. 300-320 000
to the central budget). Pommern’s costs were close to its incomes. Wismar got money
from Livland & Bremen.
I didn’t find the Swedish consolidated budget for
1699. According to the data that I have, the overall figures were the following
(in silver dalers):
-
Consolidated
costs around 6 580 000
-
Consolidated
incomes 6 138 000
-
Shortage
442 000 (7,2%)
-
State debt around
8,4 mln.
Details by provinces:
Province
|
Costs
|
Incomes (estimated)
|
|
Sweden
& Finland
|
4 555 000
|
4 112 000
|
(1)
|
Livland
|
556 000
|
851 000
|
|
Estland
|
68 000
|
83 500
|
|
Ingermanland
|
312 000
|
318 000
|
|
Osel
|
16 842
|
17 342
|
|
Pommern
|
424 700
|
424 700
|
|
Wismar
|
255 000
|
Ab. 60 500
|
(2)
|
Bremen-Werden
|
392 000
|
Ab. 587 000
|
(2)
|
(1) “Homeland”
incomes were the following:
- direct taxes
1 925 000
- registration
polls 395 000
- trade polls
& taxes 902 000
- incomes from
Baltic provinces 300 000
- other taxes
& obligations 340 000
- cooper money
250 000
(2) Wismar had
a shortage in 1699, which was covered by Bremen. In 1701 Wismar’s shortage was
195 000. So, I assume that in 1699 it was the same.
In 1701 consolidated costs grew up to 13,4 mln thanks
to military expenses. Incomes reached only 7,2 mln. So, the shortage was around
46%. It was covered by the loans. Some of expanses were one-offs from the
creating & equipment of new troops. In addition some of ongoing military
expenses were maintained from enemy territories (Courland in 1701, Lithuania
& Poland from 1702). Nevertheless, state debt reached 63,8 mln in 1718.
Sources:
Historiska handlingar. D. 1. Stockholm, 1861.
Cavallie, James. Från fred till krig - De
finansiella problemen kring krigsutbrottet år 1700. Uppsala, 1975.
Lindegren, Jan. Krig och skuld. Den svenska
statsskuldens historia ca 1600-1800. // Annales academiae regiae scientiarum
Upsaliensis. B. 37, 2007-2008. S. 81-110.
Доходы и расходы Швеции в 1699-1701.
Недавно в ЖЖ Сергея Махова зашла
речь о структуре шведских доходов и расходов во вт. пол. 17 в., и роли торговли
и отдельных провинций. Найти статданные и специализированные источники
оказалось делом непростым, тем не менее, мне удалось собрать примерную картинку
шведского бюджета в 1699 и 1701 г.
Территория Шведского королевства в
финансовом плане делилась на две части, «домашние» провинции и «заморские». К
первым относились шведские (включая Скане, Холланд, Блекинге и Бохус) и финские
лены. Ко вторым вся Прибалтика (Ингрия, Лифляндия, Эстляндия, Озель) и
германские провинции (Померания, Бремен-Верден и Висмар). «Заморские» провинции
имели свои собственные налоговые правила и привилегии, серьезно отличавшиеся от
шведских, и, в целом, их налогообложение было значительно мягче. Собственно борьба
за сохранение прежних «правил игры» и послужила сначала причиной измены
Паткуля, а затем – довольно безболезненного вхождения в Российскую империю на условиях их признания.